Coating composition

ABSTRACT

1. AN IMPROVED LIQUID COATING COMPOSITON COMPRISING BETWEEN 20 AND 40%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION, OF A SOLUBILIZED CROSSLINKABLE HYDROCARBON RUBBER CONTAINING AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST ONE CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND PER MOLECULE OF RUBBER, BETWEEN 1 AND 10%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID RUBBER, OF A CROSSLINKING CATALYST, AN OXIDIZING AGENT FOR THE CATALYST AND BETWEEN 5 AND 15%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID COATING COMPOSITION, OF ATRIORGANOTIN COMPOUND WHEREIN THE IMPROVEMENT RESIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF A LIQUID ISOBUTYLENE-ISOPRENE COPOLYMER RUBBER AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID TRIORGANOTIN COMPOUND EXHIBITING THE GENERAL FORMULA R3SNX WHEREIN EACH R IS INDIVIDUALLY SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKYL RADICALS CONTAINING 3 AND 4 CARBON ATOMS AND PHENYL RADICALS, AND X REPRESENTS A PHENOXY RADICAL WHICH MAY CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE INERT SUBSTITUENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HALOGEN ATOMS AN D ARYL HYDROCARBON RADICALS, WITH THE PROVISO THAT THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SOLUBILIZED RUBBER IS BETWEEN 40 AND 80%, BASED ON THE COMBINED WEIGHT OF RUBBER AND SOLVENT, AND THE WEIGHT RATIO OF OXIDIZING AGENT TO CATALYST IS BETWEEN 2:1 AND5:1, RESPECTIVELY.

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3,845,005 COATING COMPOSITION Aaron Freiman, Brooklyn, N.Y., assignor to M & T Chemicals Inc., Greenwich, Conn.

drocarbon rubbers which can be formulated into liquid compositions and subsequently cured using a variety of catalysts to yield solid coatings. The liquid rubbers otter a considerable advantage with respect to their higher molecular weight, solid homologs. The former are readily 5 z g g?gg3gfigfgf ig t f lgg gg ig g i; incorporated into relatively low viscosity coating composi- June 4, 1973, Ser. 366,539 trons which can be applied using conventional techniques Int. Cl. C08c 11/22, 11/64; C09d 5/16 mcludmg brushlng and spraymg- US, Cl. 260 33,6 A 6 Cl i Particularly preferred liquid rubbers are copolymers of 10 isobutylene with minor amounts of isoprene that exhibit an average molecular weight of about 32,000 and contain ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE an average of about seven carbon-carbon double bonds Triorganotin phenoxides impart anti-fouling properties per molecule. to coating compositions containing a crosslinkable liquid Attempts to prepare antifouling coating compositions hydrocarbon polymer without adversely alfecting the curusing a liquid rubber as the film-forming polymer in coming of the polymer, as do other liquid triorganotin derivabination with conventional organotin toxicants such as tives, particularly bis(triorganotin) oxides. bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide and tri-n-butyltin fluoride were unsuccessful, since these compounds were found to inhibit curing of the liquid rubber. It is therefore considered sur BACKGROUND prising that tributyland tripropyltin phenoxides are This application is a continuation-in-part of application unique among triorganotin compounds in that they do not Ser. No. 254,605, filed May 18, 1972 and now abandoned. interfere with the curing of liquid butyl rubbers and im- This invention relates to liquid antifouling coating compart acceptable levels of antifouling performance to the positions containing a triorganotin compound wherein the resultant coating. film-forming component is a crosslinkable liquid hydro- SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION carbon rubber. This 1nvent1on further relates to improved antifouling coating compositions wherein the active toxi- This invention Provides improved liquid antifouling cant is an organotin compound which does not interfere Coating Compositions Comprising between 20 and with the curing of the liquid hydrocarbon rubber that based on the ig of said g, of a il z cr scomprises the film-formin compone'fit f th coating linkable hydrocarbon rubber containing an average of at compositions. least one carbon-carbon double bond per mole- Conventional antifouling coating compositions contain ll between and based on the Weight of Said a film-forming and relatively water insensitive polymer l'llhher, Of a efosslihkihg Catalyst for the rubber, an dissolved or dispersed in a suitable organic liquid, a pigidiZihg g and a triorganotin Compound, wherein the merit, a toxicant and various additives to improve the improvement resides in the presence of a solubilized liqstorage stability of the composition and make it easier to mid y r r rubber and between 5 and 15 based apply. The film-forming polymer is often a co olymer of on the weight of the composition, of at least one liquid vinyl chloride or an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid. tfiefgahetih Compound exhibiting the general formula Coatings obtained using these polymers are not completely R SI1X wherein each R is individually selected from the satisfactory for a number of reasons, including insuffi- 40 group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals containing three cient water permeability, poor adhesion to the substrate and f r r n atoms and ph nyl radicals, and X r p and susceptibility to hydrolysis, all of which detract from resents a p y radical which may Contain at least one the performance of the final antifouling coating. Rubber inert Substihleht Selected from the group Consisting of would be a most desirable coating material in which to halogen atelhs and y hydrocarbon radicals The C011 incorporate toxicants, since it is resistant to hydrolysis eehh'atieh 0f solubilized ru is between 0 and yet is sufficiently permeable to e mit th gradual migrabased on the combined weight of rubber and solvent and tion of toxicant from the interior .to the surface of the the Weight ratio of OXidiZihg agent to Catalyst is between coating. The migration of toxicant is required to obtain 211 and respectivelylong-term antifouling activity. U.S. Pat. 3,426,423 teaches DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION that sheets of rubber containing bis(tr1-n-butylt1n) oxide can be adhered to surfaces exposed to a marine environ- The Orgahotlh tOXleaht ment. This method for imparting antifouling properties Tributyp and tripropyltin derivatives of phenols and would not be Praetlea1 for on large Ocean-80mg certain substituted phenols effectively kill and/or repel e because of the large and irregularly Shaped Surfaces barnacles and other organisms responsible for fouling Whlch must be P f without interfering with the catalyzed curing of liquid Numerous trlorganotin compounds have been incorporubber compositions rated i both h and syhthehe rubbers With h Triorganotin compounds suitable for incorporation into l achlevmg gradual release of the Organotlh coating formulations containing one or more crosslinke l fi Into an aqueous ehvlrohhleht Over extended P able liquid rubbers exhibit the general formula R SnX of for the P p f kllhhg or repelhhg folllwherein each R is individually selected from alkyl radicals g and disease-Carrying Orgahlsms In the area on of containing three or four carbon atoms and phenyl radimediately surrounding the rubber. US. Pat. No. 3,417,- 1 X re resents a phenoxy 181 discloses a number of tripropyland tributyltin derivatives which are effective in this application, including chlorides, oxides, fluorides, carboxylates, hydrides and resinates. The oxides are particularly preferred. All of these compounds may be useful when incorporated into for radical which may contain up to five substituents selected mulations containing solid rubbers; however, many of from aryl hydrocarbon radicals and halogen atoms. Prethem, including bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide are unsuitable ferred organotin compounds are tri-n-butyltin derivatives for use with recently developed low molecular weight synof chlorinated phenols. The concentration of organotin thetic rubbers which are liquid at ambient temperature. compound is between about 5 and 15%, based on the total It is now possible to prepare low molecular weight hyweight of the formulation.

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2.. Curing catalysts for the liquid rubber component The coating compositions of this invention are cured, i.e. crosslinked, to yield solid products using a variety of catalysts. The type and concentration of catalyst selected will be determined at least in part by the desired curing temperature and the rate of cure. A preferred catalyst for use at ambient temperatures is p-quinone dioxime, which is employed in combination with a suitable oxidizing agent such as lead dioxide, manganese dioxide or organic peroxides, e.g. t-butyl perbenzoate and cobalt naphthenate. The particle size of the oxidizing agent has been shown to have an effect on the cure rate.

The liquid rubber will begin to cure in the presence of a combination of catalyst with oxidizer, and it may therefore be desirable to add the oxidizing agent just prior to applying the coating formulation. When lead oxide is employed as the oxidizer, it has been found convenient to incorporate this material into a paste which also contains a fatty acid such as stearic acid and a phthalate ester which is used as a plasticizer.

The optimum concentration of catalyst and oxidizing agent are determined by the desired curing speed. Usually the concentration of catalyst will be between about 1 and based on the weight of the liquid rubber, and the oxidizing agent will be present in an amount between about 2 and 5 times the weight of the catalyst.

3. Optional ingredients in the coating formulation In addition to the liquid rubber, triorganotin compound and catalyst the coating compositions may contain other components to facilitate application of the coating or to modify one or more properties of the final product. The optional ingredients include fillers, dyes and pigments.

Some of the preferred coating compositions are described in the following examples, which should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of this invention. All parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLE 1 To parts of a mixture containing 360 parts of a liquid isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (LM Butyl 504, manufactured by the Enjay Chemical Company), 480 parts of xylene, 2.4 parts of p-quinone dioxime and 3 parts of a standard curing accelerator comprising a 1:1 weight ratio mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and glacial acetic acid was added (1) 3.3 parts of a paste containing 3.25 parts lead dioxide, 0.33 parts stearic acid and 2.92 parts dibutyl phthalate and (2) 3.3 parts of a liquid organotin compound. The resultant compositions were thoroughly blended for a few minutes and then coated as films on glass plates. The coated plates were allowed to stand for about l620 hours at ambient temperature after which the lilms were examined to determine the amount of curing that had occurred. The results of the examination are summarized in the following table.

TABLE I Organotin compound: Degree of curing Bis TBT 1 oxide Poor. TBT 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxide Complete TBT pentachlorophenoxide Do. TBT o-phenylphenoxide D TBT (4-methylthio) phenoxide Poor. TBT dimethyldithiocarbamate D TBT dimercaptothiadiazole Do. TBT methylmercaptothiadiazole Do. Bis(Tri-n-propyltin) oxide Do. TNP 2 pentachlorophenoxide Complete TNP o-pheny1phenoxide Do.

1 TBT: trl'n-butyltin.

2 TNP: trin-propyltin.

a Degree of curing equivalent to a control formulation which did not contain an organotin compound.

4 EXAMPLE 2 A comparison of the compatibility of bis( tri-n-butyltin) oxide and tri-n-butyltin 2,4,6-trichlorophenate in liquid rubber formulations To parts of a mixture containing 600 parts of a xylene solution containing 60% by weight of the butylene-isoprene copolymer described in Example 1, 240 parts of xylene, 24 parts of p-quinone dioxime and 3 parts of a 1:1 weight ratio mixture of N,N-dimethyl formamide and glain Example 1 and 10 parts of either bis(tri-n-butyltin) cial acetic acid were added 10 parts of the paste described oxide or tri-n-butyltin 2,4,6-trichlorophenate. A third formulation was prepared without any tin compound. Each of the formulations were applied to steel panels using a paint brush. After about 24 hours of exposure in air at ambient temperatures the formulations containing no tin compound and the trichlorophenate appeared to be properly and equally cured in that they were dry and only slightly tacky to the touch. The formulation containing the bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide was considerably more tacky than the other two samples and had a film of a brown liquid on top of the rubber layer, an indication that at least a portion of the tin compound had exuded from the surface of the liquid rubber.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation and evaluation of anti-fouling coatings containing liquid rubber and a triorganotin compound A composition was prepared by combining and thoroughly blending together the following components:

(1) parts of a 60% by weight liquid isobutyleneisoprene copolymer solution in xylene (2) 40 parts of xylene (3) 4 parts of p-quinone dioxime Ninety parts of the resultant mixture were combined with 1) 10 parts of carbon black (2) seven parts of a paste containing 3.25 parts lead dioxide, 0.33 parts stearic acid and 2.92 parts dibutyl phthalate and (3) 10 parts of tri-n-butyltin pentachlorophenate.

The foregoing coating formulation was evaluated for anti-fouling performance by applying two coats of the formulation (each coat being between 5.1 and 64x10 cm. thick) to both major surfaces of a 6 x 16 inch (10 x 40 cm.) fiberglass-reinforced polyester panel which had previously been sanded to obtain a roughened surface. After the coating had cured, the panels were immersed in Biscayne Bay at Miami Beach. Fla. The conditions in this area are particularly conducive to the development of fouling organisms. The panel was secured to a raft such that only the upper /s of the panel was above the water line at all times.

The panel was withdrawn at monthly intervals, inspected and the anti-fouling performance rated by observing the number of barnacles present. At the end of a five month period the most fouled surface of the panel exhibited only seven barnacles. By comparison, a panel coated with an identical formulation with the exception that the organotin compound was absent exhibited 79 barnacles after one months exposure and over 100 following three months exposure.

What is claimed is:

1. An improved liquid coating composition comprising between 20 and 40%, based on the weight of the composition, of a solubilized crosslinkable hydrocarbon rubber containing an average of at least one carbon-carbon dou-= ble bond per molecule of rubber, between 1 and 10%,

tin compound exhibiting the general formula R SnX wherein each R is individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing 3 and 4 carbon atoms and phenyl radicals, and X represents a phenoxy radical which may contain at least one inert substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms and aryl hydrocarbon radicals, with the proviso that the concentration of the solubilized rubber is between 40 and 80%, based on the combined weight of rubber and solvent, and the Weight ratio of oxidizing agent to catalyst is between 2:1 and 5:1, respectively.

2. The improved coating composition of Claim 1 wherein each R represents an n-butyl radical and X represents a substituted phenoxy radical wherein the substituents other than hydrogen comprise between 1 and 5 chlorine atoms, inclusive.

3. The improved coating composition of Claim 1 wherein the crosslinking catalyst is p-quinone dioxime and the oxidizing agent is lead dioxide.

4. The improved coating composition of Claim 1 wherein at least one pigment or extender is present in the composition,

5. The improved coating composition of Claim 1 where: in the solvent for the rubber is a liquid aromatic hydro= carbon as a solvent for the liquid hydrocarbon rubber.

6. The improved coating composition of Claim 1 wherein the liquid hydrocarbon rubber comprises a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER TREFERENCES Adhesives Age, September 1968, pp. 30-31.

Minieri: Chem. Abs. 72, 99508t (May 11, 1970).

ALLAN LIEBERMAN, Primary Examiner H. H. FLETCHER, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R..

106-15 AF; 260-23.7 B, 23.7 M, 31.8 DR, 31.8 H, 45.75 K

UNIT D STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent 3, i Dated October 2Q 107a Inventor(sx Aaron Freiman It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Claim 5 line 3 Delete "as a solvent for the liquid hydrocarbon rubber" Signed and sealed this 18th day of March 1975.

(SEAL). Attest:

v C. WARSHALL DANN RUTH C. I--IASON Commissioner of Patents Arresting Officer and Trademarks FORM PO-105O (10-59) UscoMM-Dc 60375-p59 i 0.5. GOVERNMENT PRINTING omcz: I969 o-ass-su 

1. AN IMPROVED LIQUID COATING COMPOSITON COMPRISING BETWEEN 20 AND 40%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION, OF A SOLUBILIZED CROSSLINKABLE HYDROCARBON RUBBER CONTAINING AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST ONE CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND PER MOLECULE OF RUBBER, BETWEEN 1 AND 10%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID RUBBER, OF A CROSSLINKING CATALYST, AN OXIDIZING AGENT FOR THE CATALYST AND BETWEEN 5 AND 15%, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID COATING COMPOSITION, OF ATRIORGANOTIN COMPOUND WHEREIN THE IMPROVEMENT RESIDES IN THE PRESENCE OF A LIQUID ISOBUTYLENE-ISOPRENE COPOLYMER RUBBER AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID TRIORGANOTIN COMPOUND EXHIBITING THE GENERAL FORMULA R3SNX WHEREIN EACH R IS INDIVIDUALLY SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKYL RADICALS CONTAINING 3 AND 4 CARBON ATOMS AND PHENYL RADICALS, AND X REPRESENTS A PHENOXY RADICAL WHICH MAY CONTAIN AT LEAST ONE INERT SUBSTITUENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF HALOGEN ATOMS AN D ARYL HYDROCARBON RADICALS, WITH THE PROVISO THAT THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SOLUBILIZED RUBBER IS BETWEEN 40 AND 80%, BASED ON THE COMBINED WEIGHT OF RUBBER AND SOLVENT, AND THE WEIGHT RATIO OF OXIDIZING AGENT TO CATALYST IS BETWEEN 2:1 AND5:1, RESPECTIVELY. 